Order of Khaleefah Waleed and Call for Musa Bin Nusair
The Khaleefah stopped Musa bin Nusair from conquering Europe and ordered him to report to the court without any , delay- In compliance of this order. Ameer Musa bin Nusair handed over the rule of Andalus to his son Abdul Azeez and moved along with Tariq and Mugheeth, taking all his equipments with him. He also took the treasures of Andalus golden utensils and ornaments i.e., Khums one fifth of this being for the Maal-i-Ghaneemat or booty and many slaves and slave-girls. Musa left for Qairawan via Maraqash from Andalus and Qairawan, he reached near the capital Damascus via Egypt. This was the period when Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik had been suffering from death-bed illness. Musa bin Nusair stayed at Azhas for two years and entered the boundary of Syria in the beginning of Jumadil Al-Ula, 96 Hijri. After Waieed bin Abdul Malik, his brother Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik had succeeded to the throne. When Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik came to know that restoring to normal health from this illness for Waleed is difficult and Musa bin Nusair had arrived near the capital, he sent a message not to make hurry in entering the Dar AI-Khalifah or capital.

Probably, the objective of Sulaiman, the crown prince must have been that if Waleed had been on the vage of death, the start of his succession should be considered a sign of good luck for the kingdom, it was not difficult at all for Musa to fulfill this desire of the crown prince; because it had been better to be in the office of the Khaleefah Waleed in the state of restoring to health if the illness of the Khaleefah would have been off while waiting and hesitating by Musa and if Khalid, Waleed had died, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik would have been pleased with Musa fulfilling his objective. Thus, there would have been no expectation except fame and kindness from the new Khaleefah; but Musa paid no heed at all to the message of the crown prince and entered Damascus as soon as possible and reported himself into the office of the Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik. ' Khaleefah Waleed had not been so much pleased with the gifts and presents brought by Musa, which he had expected. Seeing the illness of the existing Khaleefah as dangerous, the governors and ministers generally try to get the pleasure of the crown prince and be attracted to him. Therefore, the opponents and the jealous of Musa must have made this activity of Musa still more objectionable and the people must have essentially spoken ill in opposing Musa and mistake of Musa must have been given a great expression and publicity before Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik and must have even more so instigated his anger and wrath.

Succession of Sulaiman Bin Abdul Malik and Reprimand of Musa Bin Nusair
At last, the same week, Waleed bin Abdul Malik died and , Khaleefah Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik ascended the throne on sixteenth Jumada AI-Thani, 96 Hijri- Ascending the throne, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik strictly checked his accounts. When Musa could not pay the balance of the land revenue of Maghribi or African countries, which had been due from Musa, the Khaleefah reprimanded him, confiscated his equipments and imprisoned him in lieu of two lacs (200,000) of gold coins which had been left due from him. To Tariq and Mugheeth who had been from amongst the well-known chiefs of Musa bin Nusair and had performed the most prominent role in the conquest of Andalus, had not been ordered to march with army by the court of Khilaafat; rather the court of Khilaafat had only accepted the request of Musa for invading. Therefore, the land-mark of the conquest of Andalus had been mainly relating to Musa bin' Nusair and the same had been the cause of the reputation of Musa and Tariq.

Consequence of Tariq
Getting angry with Musa, when Khaleefah Sulaiman imprisoned him, it had an impact on Tariq also as he had been a slave freed and trained by Musa. No extra-ordinary patronage had been done to Tariq. Neither had he been sent back as the ruler of Andalus or Morrocco because all the African lands had been under the rule of the sons of Musa bin Nusair i.e., Abdul Azeez bin Musa, Abdullah bin Musa and Marwan bin Musa had been occupying Andalus, Qairawan and Moraqash respectively. It had been essential for Sulaiman bin Abdul
Malik that he should not remain negligent towards the family charter to settle in any city of Syria and Musa had been imprisoned. When Ameer Ibn Al-Muhlab recommended for Musa, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik release him from the prison and issued a charter for him to settle in Wadi Al-Qura after receiving from him as much money as possible.

Death of Musa Bin Nusair
In the state of disappointment and misfortune, Musa bin Nusair died the next year i.e., in 97 Hijri at the age of seventy eight years. He had been appointed as the governor of Africa in 79 Hijri. Having seen this Mahjool .Sad or wistful fate, the historians have raised objection against Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, that he had not appreciated the conqueror generals; but if we meditate and ponder over it, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik had not been so faulty as he had been shown. Territorial aggrandisement is worth patronage and worth respect. Ruling is more than that in status and dignity. It had been the demand of kingship which took place at the hand of Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, Generally, brave commanders-in-chiefs and conquerors of lands have been very weak and careless in monetary affairs, It had been the result of the same carelessness that Hadrat Umer Farooq had suspended Hadrat Khalid bin Waleed from commander-in-chiefship.

No objection can be raised at all against the act of Farooq-i-Aazam rather it had been exactly a reward and based on truthfulness. The same has been the case of Musa bin Nusair. Musa bin Nusair had been appointed as the governor of Africa for sixteen of seventeen years. If the balance of land revenue of Africa which had been due from Musa and the debt which he had been owing to the Bait Al-Maal or state exchequer, had been given up merely on this consideration that Andalus had been conquered at his command, it would have been a bad example for the other governors and the daring of Musa bin Nusair would have enhanced the mistake, carelessness or dishonesty.
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This fact should also not be overlooked that none of the ministers, advisers and courtiers of Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik made any criticism regarding the matter of Musa bin Nusair and Tariq against Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik after the death of Khaleefah. The Muslim historians have not expressed any surprise and sorrowfulness which is the proof of the fact that no extra-ordinary treatment had been made towards Musa bin Nusair Whatever had been done, had not been against justice and equity- Those who had been the describers of the calamities of Banu Umayyah and those who had always been ready to prove everything of theirs as improper, mostly were Banu Abbas; but Banu Abbas also had not defamed them in this matter and they have not even mentioned anything about the non-appreciation made by Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik in this regard.

In our eyes when the books written by European historians have been studied by the Muslims, still more misunderstanding has been created while narrating this conquest of Andalus. The European historians firstly, make great struggle to prove that the kingdom of Larzeeq had become extra-ordinarily weak. Then, they assert, without support of any argument, that the subjects of Larzeeq had become rebellious against him and had joined hands with the Muslims. Whereas the reality is that, seeing the government of the Muslims, the subjects, undoubtedly, started seeing the Muslim conquerors with appreciation and love; the people of Andalus rendered no help to the Muslims except that Count Julian personally, persuaded the Muslims to attack thereby taking personal revenge. A priest had also supported Julian in this matter. Moreover, the Muslims also had not been in need of such conspiracies and helped the rebellious on the basis of their power of faith and strength of heart and mind. In order to decrease this extraordinary valour and bravery of the Muslims, the; Christian historians coin wonderful things and stories and last of all, they attack, helplessly, on the moral qualities of Tariq, Musa and Sulaiman and air their grievances.

A False Story and Criticism on It
Thus, they have coined a false story and they have given glory to it. The story is that when Tariq moved from Tulaitalah to the northern direction, he meat a group of absconders of Tulaitalah, who had in their possession a stool of Hadrat Sulaiman (as) which had been studded with jewels and had been valuing crores of dinars. Tariq snatched it. When Musa reached Andalus, Musa demanded this stool from Tariq. Tariq dislocated one of its legs and concealed it and hand, over the three-legged stool to Musa and said, "It had been found in this very condition". Musa got a fourth-leg made of gold and had the stool, fixed but it could not be like remaining three legs. When Musa presented this stool to Khaleefah Waleed or Sulaiman, he submitted, "I had got stool from the booty property". Finding one of its legs defective the Khaleefah enquired, "Why this leg is not like the other three. legs'. Musa submitted, "This had been received by me from Christians in this very condition". Tariq had also been present; that time. He, at once, took out the fourth leg from his armpit and presented it before the Khaleefah saying, "Here is the fourth leg!" When the Khaleefah came to know that Musa had attributed the land-mark of Tariq to himself, he got furious an he not only imprisoned Musa but also imposed on him such heavy fine which Musa could not pay.

The Christian historian have also forged many such-like stories. We feel sorry for those historians of our times, who attended to write the history of Andalus and did not expose the absurdity of such absurd an meaningless stories. Tariq's treating his near officer and master with cunning and fraud and planning long before this scheme for doing harm to Musa cannot be understood. More surprising fact is that Musa had to produce the fourth leg of the stool-made by order and nobody told Musa that when they had snatched that stool from the absconders, all its legs had been intact and that he must arrange for searching for the fourth But it had been such a conspiracy of Tariq that thousands of men had been aware of it and Musa kept thinking, remaining unaware for three years of it that the stool had been snatched from the Christians in the same condition. An adventurous person like Musa who had been determined to conquer all Europe and reach Constantinople, it is surprising that he could be ready on doing such a mean act and low spirits to attribute to himself a land-mark done by another person by telling a A lie. What is teresting is that snatching a stool on a small table from the Christian absconders had not been an act of bravery whether any person would have gotten this stool. In any event that should have been presented into the office of the caliph. It is more astonishing that Tariq had been presented it in the court of Khaleefah in such a way that he had been hiding the leg of the table under his armpit. Even this in no way, can be understood that the Khaleefah Sulaiman had suggested such measures of punishment against the ridiculous acts of Tariq and Musa We must rely mostly on Ibn Khuldun from amongst the historians writing on Andalus and African countries. Ibn Khuldun has stated—"when Musa bin Nusair had reached into the office of the Khaleefah—"Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik, the Khaleefah expressed his disliking on his intention of Musa that he had been willing to reach Constantinople, conquering all the countries of Europe lying on the way. Thus, he would have dared to let them face to danger and destruction.

Moreover, the Khaleefah Waleed bin Abdul Malik had sent for Musa only after hearing this very news that he was determinate to attack the European countries without his permission. That is why Khaleefah Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik rebuked and scolded him due to his carelessly involving the Muslim army on account of his self-adornment and stubbornness. This statement of ibn-i-KhuIdun is quite conceivable and there is no mention of the story of the stool in it.

Musa bin Nusair had handed over the government of Andalus to his son Abdul Azeez and that of Africa and Morocco to his sons Abdullah and Marwan respectively. That is to say that the lands of Africa all had been in possession and disposal of his sons. That is why strictly taking accounts from Musa had not been out of anger and that is why no riots of any kind took place in the African countries. It must also not be overlooked that, on one side, Khaleefah Sulaiman gave Musa a very severe rebuke and , on the other, he did not consider the suspension of the sons of Musa essential. However, after a few days, Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik send Muhammad bin Yazid to Qairawan, after his appointment as viceroy of all the African countries for supervising them and retained the government of Andalus in the possession of Abdul Azeez bin Musa as usual.

The First Ruler of Andalus
Tariq and Musa both had been the conquerors of Andalus and both these chiefs kept busy in conquering lands, cities and. forts and getting the Christians to agree to treaties and getting the Islamic rule recognised. Both of them are called ‘Conquerors’ of Andalus'. Abdul Azeez, the son of Musa bin Nusair should be considered as the first ruler of Andalus. After that, the rulers or governors, one after another, had been being appointed by the court of Khaleefah, or at times by the court ruler of Qairawan and the viceroy of the African countries and later by the election of the Muslims of Andalus. These rulers J governors of Andalus are called Ameeran-i-Andalus.

History of Islam By Maulana AKbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi